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We have several different sorts of mosses in our garden. These plants multiply by producing spores, just like ferns, but simpler in structure. They have stems and leaves, but no real roots, just stems which change to have rootlike appendages, rhizomes. There are 3 important sorts of mosses - leafmoss, livermoss and crustmoss. Often all 3 sorts are seen in the same area.

Carpet moss/Mnium hornum   Hair-cap moss/ Polytrichum commune     White cushion moss/Leucobrynum glaucum

Leafmosses form spores in caps from which they either are slung through small openings or they are released via 4 splits, or the most usually, through an opening in the mouth which becomes visible when the cap has fallen off.

Livermoss are either flat and lobed or they have small leaves in  3 rows.

Crustmosses are formed from mould in close relationship (symbiosis) with another plant.